Cervical conization is a surgical procedure used to remove a cone-shaped section of tissue from the cervix, typically to diagnose or treat abnormalities detected during a Pap smear or cervical biopsy. This procedure is often performed when precancerous cells or early-stage cervical cancer are suspected. During the conization, a portion of the cervix that includes the abnormal area is excised, allowing for a detailed examination of the tissue to confirm the presence and extent of disease. This can help determine the appropriate treatment plan and assess the need for further intervention. The primary reasons for performing cervical conization include the presence of abnormal cervical cells, such as those found in dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, which are detected through Pap tests or HPV testing. The procedure helps to identify whether these abnormalities are confined to the cervix or if they have progressed to invasive cancer. It is also used to treat high-grade cervical dysplasia by removing the affected tissue, potentially preventing the progression to cervical cancer. Complications from cervical conization can include bleeding, infection, or discharge from the vagina. Some women may experience cramping or discomfort after the procedure. Additionally, there is a risk of cervical stenosis (narrowing of the cervix) or cervical incompetence (weakening of the cervix), which may affect future pregnancies. While these risks are relatively rare, cervical conization is generally effective in diagnosing and treating early cervical abnormalities, contributing to better outcomes and prevention of cervical cancer.
